The monograph is devoted to the comprehensive study of the establishment and the??? development of agricultural forms and systems in the Perm region of the Western Urals in the mediaeval epoch (7–15 с.). The scientific novelty is that all the agricultural tools from archaeological collections of the Perm region were gathered for the first time, and then they were analyzed as historical sources, classified and mapped. It helped to reconstruct the cycle of the??? mediaeval agricultural economy at the territory and find the origins of the tillage in the Perm region. The study showed that the economy of the Lomovatovo epoch was complex, among the other activities slash-and-burn and shifting cultivation were practiced and mattocks were used. Under the influence of the South Russian traditions and through/by??? the agency of Volga Bulgaria ards with horizontal or nearly horizontal soles and iron shares appeared early in the second millennium A.D. Hoe-farming gave place to “ard-farming” that became a leading branch of the economy. It was followed by the spreading of millstones, harvest tools, corn pits and the??? change of the agricultural system.